Decalcification And Caries Associated With Orthodontic Treatment
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Enamel demineralization is a common negative consequence of orthodontic treatment in the absence of appropriate oral hygiene maintenance.
It is the loss of calcified tooth substance due to the attack by acidic-by-products of plaque metabolism.
An early recognition is sentient to prevent permanent damage. Occurrences during active treatment necessitate a shortened treatment plan or in severe cases; early termination of treatment.
The increase in food stagnation and increase in the retentive sites of bacteria lead to a change in the microflora (low Ph environment).
Decalcification may occur within one month due to : Prolonged accumulation of plaque next to the bracket .
White Spot Lesions caused by the decalcification process can be distinguished from the developmental hypocalcified lesions on the basis of location, shape, and dimensional stability with time.
Good predictors for the development of white spot lesions in a patient:
- Poor oral hygiene,
- sugar rich food,
- long treatment time,
- Interproximal caries.
The incidence of enamel demineralization is high in the maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars .
The maxillary laterals had the highest incidence rate, almost three times as frequent as that found for the centrals. One in every two individuals wearing fixed orthodontic appliances develops a nondevelopmental enamel opacity .
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